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 19-3053; Rev 0; 10/03
KIT ATION EVALU E AILABL AV
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
General Description Features
o High Resolution MAX1495: 4.5 Digits (19,999 Count) MAX1493: 4.5 Digits (19,999 Count) MAX1491: 3.5 Digits (1999 Count) o Sigma-Delta ADC Architecture No Integrating Capacitors Required No Autozeroing Capacitors Required >100dB of Simultaneous 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection o Operate from a Single 2.7V or 5.25V Supply o Selectable Input Range of 200mV or 2V o Selectable Voltage Reference: Internal 2.048V or External o Internal High-Accuracy Oscillator Needs No External Components o Automatic Offset Calibration o Low Power: Maximum 980A Operating Current o Small 32-Pin 7mm 7mm TQFP Package (4.5 Digits), 28-Pin SSOP Package (3.5 Digits), and 28Pin DIP Package (3.5 Digits) o Triplexed LCD Driver o Evaluation Kit Available (Order MAX1494EVKIT)
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 low-power, 3.5- and 4.5-digit, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with integrated liquid crystal display (LCD) drivers operate from a single 2.7V to 5.25V power supply. They include an internal reference, a high-accuracy on-chip oscillator, and a triplexed LCD driver. An internal charge pump generates the negative supply needed to power the integrated input buffer for single supply operation. The ADC is configurable for either a 2V or 200mV input range and it outputs its conversion results to an LCD. The MAX1491 is a 3.5-digit (1,999 count) device, and the MAX1493/ MAX1495 are 4.5-digit (19,999 count) devices. The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 do not require external-precision integrating or auto-zero capacitors, crystal oscillators, charge pumps or other circuitry required with dual slope ADCs (commonly used in panel meter circuits). These devices also feature on-chip buffers for the differential signal and reference inputs, allowing direct interface with high-impedance signal sources. In addition, the MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 use continuous internal offset calibration, and offer >100dB rejection of 50Hz and 60Hz line noise. The MAX1493/ MAX1495 perform enhanced offset calibration at power-up. The MAX1495 also performs enhanced calibration on demand. Other features include data hold and peak hold, and a user programmable low-battery monitor. The MAX1493/MAX1495 come in a 32-pin 7mm 7mm TQFP package, and the MAX1491 comes in 28-pin SSOP and 28-pin DIP packages. All devices in this family operate over the 0C to +70C commercial temperature range.
Pin Configurations
INTREF DPON DVDD VNEG GND BP1 BP2 26
TOP VIEW
Applications
Digital Panel Meters Hand-Held Meters Digital Voltmeters Digital Multimeters
AVDD AIN+ AINREFREF+ LOWBATT RANGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
32
31
30
29
28
27
BP3 25 24 SEG13 23 SEG12 22 SEG11 21 SEG10 20 SEG9 19 SEG8 18 SEG7 17 SEG6 16 SEG5
MAX1493 MAX1495
Ordering Information
PART MAX1491CAI* MAX1491CNI MAX1493CCJ MAX1495CCJ* TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE RESOLUTION (DIGITS) 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5
DPSET1
0C to +70C 28 SSOP 0C to +70C 28 DIP 0C to +70C 32 TQFP 0C to +70C 32 TQFP
9 DPSET2
10 PEAK
11 HOLD
12 SEG1
13 SEG2
14 SEG3
15 SEG4
*Future product--contact factory for availability.
TQFP Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet.
1
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
AVDD to GND............................................................-0.3V to +6V DVDD to GND ...........................................................-0.3V to +6V AIN+, AIN- to GND...............................VNEG to + (AVDD + 0.3V) REF+, REF- to GND..............................VNEG to + (AVDD + 0.3V) LOWBATT to GND ...................................-0.3V to (AVDD + 0.3V) INTREF, RANGE, DPSET1, DPSET2, PEAK, HOLD to GND ......................................-0.3V to (DVDD + 0.3V) DPON to GND..........................................-0.3V to (DVDD + 0.3V) VNEG to GND ...........................................-2.6V to (AVDD + 0.3V) Maximum Current into Any Pin ...........................................50mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 32-Pin TQFP (derate 20.7mW/C above +70C).....1652.9mW 28-Pin SSOP (derate 9.5mW/C above +70C) ...........762mW 28-Pin DIP (derate 14.3mW/C above +70C) ........1142.9mW Operating Temperature Range...............................0C to +70C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-60C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference), CNEG= 0.1F. All specifications are TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER DC ACCURACY Noise-Free Resolution Integral Nonlinearity (Note 1) Range Change Accuracy Rollover Error Output Noise Offset Error (Zero Input Reading) Gain Error Offset Drift (Zero Reading Drift) Gain Drift INPUT CONVERSION RATE Conversion Rate ANALOG INPUTS (AIN+, AIN-) (bypass to GND with 0.1F or greater capacitors) AIN Input Voltage Range Normal Mode 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection (Simultaneously) Common-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection (Simultaneously) Common-Mode Rejection Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance Dynamic Input Current (Note 5) -20 CMR CMR Differential (Note 4) RANGE = GND RANGE = DVDD -2.0 -0.2 -2.2V 100 150 100 10 10 +20 +2.0 +0.2 +2.2V dB dB dB nA pF nA V 5 Hz Offset VIN = 0 (Note 2) (Note 3) VIN = 0 -0 -0.5 0.1 1 INL MAX1493/MAX1495 MAX1491 2.000V range 200mV range (VAIN+ - VAIN- = 0.100V) on 200mV range / (VAIN+ - VAIN- = 0.100V) on 2.0V range VAIN+ - VAIN- = full scale, VAIN- - VAIN+ = full scale -19,999 -1999 1 1 10:1 1.0 10 +0 +0.5 +19,999 +1999 Count Count Ratio Count VP-P Reading %FSR V/C ppm/C SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Absolute GND referenced 50Hz and 60Hz 2% For 50Hz 2% and 60Hz 2%, RSOURCE < 10k At DC TA = +25C
2
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3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference), CNEG= 0.1F. All specifications are TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER LOWBATT Trip Threshold LOWBATT Leakage Current Hysteresis INTERNAL REFERENCE (REF- = GND, INTREF = DVDD, bypass REF+ to GND with 4.7F capacitors) REF Output Voltage REF Output Short-Circuit Current REF Output Temperature Coefficient Load Regulation Line Regulation Noise Voltage 0.1Hz to 10Hz 10Hz to 10kHz Differential (VREF+ - VREF-) Absolute GND referenced 50Hz and 60Hz 2% CMR CMR For 50Hz 2% and 60Hz 2%, RSOURCE < 10k At DC TA = +25C (Note 5) VNEG IIN VINL VINH VHYS DVDD = 3.0V 0.7 x DVDD 200 VIN = 0 or DVDD -20 -2.6 -10 -2.42 -2.2 100 150 100 10 10 +20 -2.3 +10 0.3 x DVDD TCVREF VREF AVDD = 5V, TA = +25C TA = +25C AVDD = 5V ISOURCE = 0A to 300A, ISINK = 0A to 30A, TA = +25C (Note 6) 2.007 2.048 1 40 6 50 25 400 2.048 +2.2 2.089 V mA ppm/C mV/A V/V Vp-p SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP 2.048 10 20 MAX UNITS V pA mV
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
LOW-BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR (LOWBATT)
EXTERNAL REFERENCE (INTREF = GND, bypass REF+ and REF- to GND with 0.1F or greater capacitors) REF Input Voltage Normal-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection (Simultaneously) Common-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection (Simultaneously) Common-Mode Rejection Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance Dynamic Input Current CHARGE PUMP Output Voltage Input Current Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage Input Hysteresis V A V V mV DIGITAL INPUTS (INTREF, RANGE, PEAK, HOLD, DPSET1, DPSET2, DPON) V dB dB dB nA pF nA
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3
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference), CNEG= 0.1F. All specifications are TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER POWER SUPPLY AVDD Voltage DVDD Voltage Power-Supply Rejection AVDD Power-Supply Rejection DVDD AVDD Current DVDD Current LCD DRIVER RMS Segment-On Voltage RMS Segment-Off Voltage Display Multiplex Rate LCD Data-Update Rate 1.92 x DVDD 1/3x DVDD 107 2.5 V V Hz Hz AVDD DVDD PSRRA PSRRD IAVDD IDVDD (Note 7) (Note 7) (Note 8) DVDD = 5V DVDD = 3.3V 2.70 2.70 80 100 660 320 180 5.25 5.25 V V dB dB A A SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Note 1: Integral nonlinearity is the derivation of the analog values at any code from its theoretical value after nulling the gain error and offset error. Note 2: Offset calibrated. Note 3: Offset nulled. Note 4: The input voltage range for the analog inputs is given with respect to the voltage on the negative input of the differential pair. Note 5: For the range of VAIN+ or VAIN- = -2.2V to +2.2V and VREF+ or VREF- = -2.2V to +2.2V. Note 6: External load must be constant during conversion for specified accuracy. Guaranteed specification of 2mV/mA is a result of production test limitations. Note 7: Measured at DC by changing the power-supply voltage from 2.7V to 5.25V and measuring its effect on the conversion error. PSRR at 50Hz and 60Hz exceeds 120dB with filter notches of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 Hz. Note 8: Analog power-supply currents are measured with all digital inputs at either GND or DVDD. Digital power-supply currents measured with all digital inputs at either GND or DVDD.
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Typical Operating Characteristics
(AVDD = DVDD = 5V, GND = 0, REF+ = 2.048V, REF- = GND, RANGE = DVDD, TA = +25C.)
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
MAX1493/MAX1495 (200mV INPUT RANGE) INL vs. DISPLAY COUNT
MAX1491/3/5 toc01
MAX1493/MAX1495 (2V INPUT RANGE) INL vs. DISPLAY COUNT
MAX1491/3/5 toc02
NOISE DISTRIBUTION
MAX1491/3/5 toc03
1.0
1.0
25
0.5 INL (COUNTS)
0.5 INL (COUNTS)
PERCENTAGE OF UNITS (%)
20
15
0
0
10
-0.5
-0.5
5
-1.0 -20,000
-10,000
0 DISPLAY COUNT
10,000
20,000
-1.0 -20,000
0 -10,000 0 DISPLAY COUNT 10,000 20,000 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 NOISE (COUNTS)
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1491/3/5 toc04
MAX1493/MAX1495 GAIN ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1491/3/5 toc05
MAX1493/MAX1495 GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
-0.01 GAIN ERROR (% FULL SCALE) -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.09 -0.10
MAX1491/3/5 toc06
700 600 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 500 400 300 200 100 0 2.75 3.25 3.75 4.25 4.75 DIGITAL SUPPLY ANALOG SUPPLY
0.08 0.06 GAIN ERROR (% FULL SCALE) 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 2.75 3.25 3.75 4.25 4.75
0
5.25
5.25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
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5
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = 5V, GND = 0, REF+ = 2.048V, REF- = GND, RANGE = DVDD, TA = +25C.)
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
2.053 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 2.052 2.051 2.050 2.049 2.048 2.047 2.046 2.045 2.044 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 TEMPERATURE (C) 2.044 2.75
MAX1491/3/5 toc07
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1491/3/5 toc08
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX1491/3/5 toc09
2.054
2.050 2.049 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 2.048 2.047 2.046 2.045
700 600 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) ANALOG SUPPLY 500 400 300 200 100 0 DIGITAL SUPPLY
3.25
3.75
4.25
4.75
5.25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
CHARGE-PUMP OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1491/3/5 toc10
VNEG STARTUP SCOPE SHOT
MAX1491/3/5 toc11
OFFSET ERROR vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
0.15 OFFSET ERROR (COUNTS) 0.10 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15
MAX1491/3/5 toc12
-2.40
0.20
-2.42 VNEG VOLTAGE (V)
VDD 2V/div
-2.44 1V/div VNEG
-2.46
-2.48 CNEG = 0.1F -2.50 2.75 3.25 3.75 4.25 4.75 5.25 20ms/div SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) -0.20 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Pin Description
PIN MAX1491 1 2 3 4 5 6 MAX1493 MAX1495 30 31 32 1 2 3 NAME FUNCTION
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
INTREF DVDD GND AVDD AIN+ AIN-
Internal Reference Logic Input. Connect to GND to select external reference mode. Connect to DVDD to select the internal reference mode. Digital Power Input. Connect DVDD to a 2.7V to 5.25V power supply. Bypass DVDD to GND with a 0.1F and a 4.7F capacitor. Ground Analog Power Input. Connect AVDD to a 2.7V to 5.25V power supply. Bypass AVDD to GND with a 0.1F and a 4.7F capacitor. Positive Analog Input. Positive side of fully differential analog input. Bypass AIN+ to GND with a 0.1F or greater capacitor. Negative Analog Input. Negative side of fully differential analog input. Bypass AIN- to GND with a 0.1F or greater capacitor. Negative Reference Input. For internal reference operation, connect REF- to GND. For external reference operation, bypass REF- to GND with a 0.1F capacitor and set VREF- from -2.2V to +2.2V, provided VREF+ > VREF-. Positive Reference Input. For internal reference operation, connect a 4.7F capacitor from REF+ to GND. For external reference operation, bypass REF+ to GND with a 0.1F capacitor and set VREF+ from -2.2V to +2.2V, provided VREF+ > VREF-.
7
4
REF-
8 9 10 11 12 13
5 6 7 8 9 10
REF+
LOWBATT Low Battery Input. When VLOWBATT < 2.048V (typ), the LOWBATT symbol on the LCD turns on. RANGE DPSET1 DPSET2 PEAK Range Logic Input. RANGE controls the fully differential analog input range. Connect to GND for the 2V input range. Connect to DVDD for the 200mV input range. Decimal Point Logic Input 1. Controls the decimal point of the LCD. See the Decimal Point Control section. Decimal Point Logic Input 2. Controls the decimal point of the LCD. See the Decimal Point Control section. Peak Logic Input. Connect to DVDD to display the highest ADC value on the LCD. Connect to GND to disable the peak function. Hold Logic Input. Connect to DVDD to hold the current ADC value on the LCD. Connect to GND to update the LCD at a rate of 2.5Hz and disable the hold function. For the MAX1495, placing the device into hold mode initiates an enhanced offset calibration. Assert HOLD high for a minimum of 2s to ensure the completion of enhanced offset calibration. LCD Segment 1 Driver LCD Segment 2 Driver LCD Segment 3 Driver LCD Segment 4 Driver LCD Segment 5 Driver LCD Segment 6 Driver
14
11
HOLD
15 16 17 18 19 20
12 13 14 15 16 17
SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6
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7
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Pin Description (continued)
PIN MAX1491 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -- -- -- -- MAX1493 MAX1495 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 29 22 23 24 28 NAME SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 BP3 BP2 BP1 VNEG SEG11 SEG12 SEG13 DPON LCD Segment 7 Driver LCD Segment 8 Driver LCD Segment 9 Driver LCD Segment 10 Driver LCD Backplane 3 Driver LCD Backplane 2 Driver LCD Backplane 1 Driver -2.5V Charge-Pump Voltage Output. Connect a 0.1F capacitor from VNEG to GND. LCD Segment 11 Driver LCD Segment 12 Driver LCD Segment 13 Driver Decimal Point Enable Input. Controls the decimal point of the LCD. See the Decimal Point Control section. Connect to DVDD to enable the decimal point. FUNCTION
AVDD
DVDD
DPON
HOLD
DPSET1
DPSET2
RANGE
PEAK
INTREF
MAX1493 MAX1495 +2.5V
CONTROL SEG1
AIN+ ADC AININPUT BUFFERS REF+ REF-
BINARY-TO-BCD CONVERTERS AND LCD DRIVERS
SEG13 BP1 BP2 BP3
OSCILLATOR/ CLOCK -2.5V 2.048V BANDGAP REFERENCE +2.5V CHARGE PUMP -2.5V
TO CONTROL
A = 1.22
GND
VNEG
LOWBATT
Figure 1. MAX1493/MAX1495 Functional Diagram 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Detailed Description
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 low-power, highly integrated ADCs with LCD drivers convert a 2V differential input voltage (one count is equal to 100V for the MAX1493/MAX1495 and 1mV for the MAX1491) with a sigma-delta ADC and output the result to an LCD. An additional 200mV input range (one count is equal to 10V for the MAX1493/MAX1495 and 100V for the MAX1491) is available to measure small signals with increased resolution. These devices operate from a single 2.7V to 5.25V power supply and offer 3.5-digit (MAX1491) or 4.5-digit (MAX1493/MAX1495) conversion results. An internal 2.048V reference, internal charge pump and a high-accuracy on-chip oscillator eliminate external components. These devices also feature on-chip buffers for the differential input signal and external reference inputs, allowing direct interface with high-impedance signal sources. In addition, they use continuous internal offset calibration, and offer >100dB of 50Hz and 60Hz line noise rejection. Other features include data hold and peak hold, and a low-battery monitor. The MAX1495 also performs enhanced offset calibration on demand.
Digital Filtering
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 contain an on-chip digital lowpass filter that processes the data stream from the modulator using a SINC4 (sinx/x)4 response. The SINC4 filter has a settling time of four output data periods (4 x 200ms). The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 have 25% overrange capability built into the modulator and digital filter: f sin N fm 1 H(f) = N f sin fm 1- z -N 1 H(z) = -1 N 1- z
4
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
() ()

4
Analog Input Protection
Internal protection diodes limit the analog input range from V NEG to (AV DD + 0.3V). If the analog input exceeds this range, limit the input current to 10mA.
Internal Analog Input/ Reference Buffers
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 analog input/reference buffers allow the use of high-impedance signal sources. The input buffers' common-mode input range allows the analog inputs and reference to range from -2.2V to +2.2V.
Filter Characteristics Figure 2 shows the filter frequency response. The SINC4 characteristic -3dB cutoff frequency is 0.228 times the first notch frequency (5Hz). The oversampling ratio (OSR) for the MAX1491 is 128 and the OSR for the MAX1493/MAX1495 is 1024. The output data rate for the digital filter corresponds with the positioning of the first notch of the filter's frequency response. The notches of the SINC4 filter are repeated at multiples of the first notch frequency. The SINC 4 filter provides an attenuation of better than 100dB at these notches. For example, 50Hz is equal to 10 times the first notch frequency and 60Hz is equal to 12 times the first notch frequency.
0
Modulator
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 perform analog-todigital conversions using a single-bit, 3rd-order, sigmadelta modulator. The sigma-delta modulation converts the input signal into a digital pulse train whose average duty cycle represents the digitized signal information. The modulator quantizes the input signal at a much higher sample rate than the bandwidth of the input. The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 modulator provides 3rd-order frequency shaping of the quantization noise resulting from the single-bit quantizer. The modulator is fully differential for maximum signal-to-noise ratio and minimum susceptibility to power-supply noise. A singlebit data stream is then presented to the digital filter for processing, to remove the frequency-shaped quantization noise.
-40
GAIN (dB)
-80
-120
-160
-200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 2. Frequency Response of the SINC4 Filter (Notch at 60Hz) 9
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3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Internal Clock
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 contain an internal oscillator. Using the internal oscillator saves board space by removing the need for an external clock source. The oscillator is optimized to give 50Hz and 60Hz power supply and common-mode rejection.
X Y Z
Charge Pump
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 contain an internal charge pump to provide the negative supply voltage for the internal analog input/reference buffers. The bipolar input range of the analog input/reference buffers allows the devices to accept negative inputs with high source impedances. For the charge pump to operate correctly, connect a 0.1F capacitor from VNEG to GND.
f g e d DP
a b BP1 f g c BP2 e d
a b
c
LCD Driver
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 contain the necessary backplane and segment driver outputs to drive 3.5-digit (MAX1491) and 4.5-digit (MAX1493/MAX1495) LCDs. The LCD update rate is 2.5Hz. Figures 4-7 show the connection schemes for a standard LCD. The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 automatically display the results of the ADC. Triplexing An internal resistor string of three equal-value resistors (52k, 1% matching) is used to generate the display drive voltages. One end of the string is connected to DVDD and the other end is connected to GND. Note that VLCD (VLCD = DVDD - GND) should be three times the threshold voltage for the liquid-crystal material used. The connection diagram for a typical 7-segment display font with two annunciators is illustrated in Figure 3 and Figure 8. The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 numeric display drivers (4.5 digits, 3.5 digits) use this configuration to drive a triplexed LCD with three backplanes and 13 segment driver lines (10 for 3.5 digits). Figures 4 and 5 show the assignment of the 4.5-digit display segments and Figures 6 and 7 show the assignment of the 3.5digit display segments.
ANNUNCIATOR BP3 DP ANNUNCIATOR
Figure 3. Connection Diagrams for Typical Seven-Segment Displays
Table 1. List of LCD Manufacturers
MANUFACTURER DCI, Inc. LXD, Inc. Varitronix International Limited WEBSITE www.dciincorporated.com www.lxdinc.com www.varitronix.com
The following site has more links to custom LCD manufacturers: www.earthlcd.com/mfr.htm
The voltage waveforms of the backplane lines and y segment line (Figure 3) have been chosen as an example. This line intersects with BP1 to form the a segment, with BP2 to form the g segment, and with BP3 to form the d segment. Eight different ON/OFF combinations of the a, g, and d segments and their corresponding waveforms of the y segment line are illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. The schematic diagram in Figure 8 shows that each intersection acts as a capacitance from segment line to common line. Figure 11 illustrates the voltage across the g segment. The RMS voltage across the segment determines the degree of polarization for the liquid-crystal material and thus the contrast of the segment. The RMS OFF voltage is always VLCD / 3, whereas the RMS ON voltage is always 1.92VLCD / 3. This is illustrated in Figure 11. The ratio of RMS ON to OFF voltage is fixed at 1.92 for a triplexed LCD. Figure 12 illustrates contrast vs. applied RMS voltage with a VLCD of 3.1V. The RMS ON voltage is 2.1V and the RMS OFF voltage is 1.1V. The OFF segment has a contrast of less than 5%, while the ON segments have greater than 85% contrast. If ghosting is present on the LCD, the RMS OFF voltage is too high. Choose an LCD with a higher RMS OFF voltage or decrease DVDD.
10
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3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
HOLD
PEAK
LOW BATT
BP1
BP2
BP3
Figure 4. Backplane Connection for the MAX1493/MAX1495 (4.5 Digits)
SEG13: PEAK, HOLD, N.C.
HOLD
PEAK
LOW BATT
SEG2: A1, G1, D1
ANNUNCIATOR
SEG12: F4, E4, DP4 SEG11: A4, G4, D4 SEG10: B4, C4, BC5 SEG9: F3, E3, DP3 SEG8: A3, G3, D3
SEG1: B1, C1, ANNUNCIATOR SEG3: F1, E1, DP1 SEG4: B2, C2, LOWBATT SEG5: A2, G2, D2 SEG6: F2, E2, DP2 SEG7: B3, C3, MINUS
Figure 5. Segment Connection for the MAX1493/MAX1495 (4.5 Digits)
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11
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
HOLD PEAK LOW BATT
BP1
BP2
BP3
Figure 6. Backplane Connection for the MAX1491 (3.5 Digits)
SEG10: PEAK, HOLD, BC4 LOW BATT SEG2: A1, G1, D1
HOLD
PEAK
ANNUNCIATOR
SEG1: B1, C1, ANNUNCIATOR SEG3: F1, E1, DP1 SEG4: B2, C2, LOWBATT SEG9: F3, E3, DP3 SEG8: A3, G3, D3 SEG5: A2, G2, D2 SEG6: F2, E2, DP2 SEG7: B3, C3, MINUS
Figure 7. Segment Connection for the MAX1491 (3.5 Digits)
X f Y a Z b
BP1
BP2
e
g
c
BP3
DP
d
DP
Figure 8. Schematic of Display Digit 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
1 2 3 1' 2' 3' V+ BP1 VH VLCD VL VV+ VH BP2 VL VV+ VH BP3 VL VV+ ALL OFF VH VL VV+ a ON g, d OFF VH VL VV+ g ON a, d OFF VH VL VV+ d ON a, g OFF VH VL VFREQUENCY = 107Hz 1, 2, 3 - - BP HIGH WITH RESPECT TO SEGMENT (BP+ TIME) 1', 2', 3' - - BP LOW WITH RESPECT TO SEGMENT (BP- TIME) BP1 ACTIVE DURING 1 AND 1' BP2 ACTIVE DURING 2 AND 2' BP3 ACTIVE DURING 3 AND 3' V+ = DVDD, VH = 2/3 DVDD VL = 1/3 VLCD, V- = GND VLCD = DVDD - GND
Figure 9. LCD Voltage Waveform--Combinations 1-4 (BP1/2/3, SEGa/d/g)
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
1 2 3 1' 2' 3' V+ BP1 VH VLCD VL VV+ VH BP2 VL VV+ VH BP3 VL VV+ ALL OFF VH VL VV+ a, d ON g OFF VH VL VV+ a, g ON d OFF VH VL VV+ g, d ON a OFF VH VL V-
FREQUENCY = 107Hz
1, 2, 3 - - BP HIGH WITH RESPECT TO SEGMENT (BP+ TIME) 1', 2', 3' - - BP LOW WITH RESPECT TO SEGMENT (BP- TIME) BP1 ACTIVE DURING 1 AND 1' BP2 ACTIVE DURING 2 AND 2' BP3 ACTIVE DURING 3 AND 3'
V+ = DVDD, VH = 2/3 DVDD VL = 1/3 VLCD, V- = GND VLCD = DVDD - GND
Figure 10. LCD Voltage Waveform--Combinations 5-8 (BP1/2/3, SEGa/d/g)
14
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
1 2 3 1' 2' 3' VLCD
ALL OFF
0
VRMS = VLCD / 3 (OFF)
-VLCD VLCD
a ON g, d OFF
0
VRMS = VLCD / 3 (OFF)
-VLCD VLCD
a, g ON d OFF
0
VRMS = 1.92VLCD / 3 (ON)
-VLCD VLCD
ALL ON
0
VRMS = 1.92VLCD / 3 (ON)
-VLCD VG = VY - VBP2 (DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEGMENT LINE Y AND BP2 VOLTAGE) VOLTAGE CONTRAST RATIO = VRMS ON / VRMSOFF = 1.922 1, 2, 3 - - BP HIGH WITH RESPECT TO SEGMENT (BP+ TIME) 1', 2', 3' - - BP LOW WITH RESPECT TO SEGMENT (BP- TIME) BP1 ACTIVE DURING 1 AND 1' BP2 ACTIVE DURING 2 AND 2' BP3 ACTIVE DURING 3 AND 3'
Figure 11. Voltage Waveforms on the g Segment
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
100 90 O = -10C 80 70 CONTRAST (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = +25C 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 APPLIED VOLTAGE (VRMS) VOFF = 1.1VRMS VON = 2.1VRMS O = -30C O = 0C O = +10C
O+
O-
Figure 12. Contrast vs. Applied RMS Voltage
16
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Decimal Point Control
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 allow for full decimal-point control and feature leading-zero suppression. Use DPON, DPSET1, and DPSET2 to set the value of the decimal point. Tables 2 and 3 show the truth tables of the DPON, DPSET1, and DPSET2 that determine which decimal point is used. with a 0.1F or greater capacitor to GND in external reference mode. Figure 13 shows the MAX1493/MAX1495 operating with an external differential reference. In this mode, REF- is connected to the top of the strain gauge and REF+ is connected to the midpoint of the resistor-divider on the supply.
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Reference
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 reference sets the full-scale range of the ADC transfer function. With a nominal 2.048V reference, the ADC full-scale range is 2V with RANGE equal to GND. With RANGE equal to DVDD, the full-scale range is 200mV. A decreased reference voltage decreases full-scale range (see the Transfer Functions section). The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 accept either an external reference or an internal reference. The INTREF input selects the reference mode. For internal reference operation, connect INTREF to DV DD , connect REF- to GND, and bypass REF+ to GND with a 4.7F capacitor. The internal reference provides a nominal 2.048V source between REF+ and GND. The internal reference temperature coefficient is typically 40ppm/C. Connect INTREF to GND to use the external reference. The external reference inputs, REF+ and REF-, are fully differential. For a valid external reference input, VREF+ must be greater than VREF-. Bypass REF+ and REF-
Applications Information
Power-On
At power-on, the digital filter and modulator circuits reset. The MAX1493/MAX1495 allow 6s for the reference to stabilize before performing enhanced offset calibration. During these 6s, the MAX1493/MAX1495 display 1.2V to 1.5V when a stable reference is detected. If a valid reference is not found, the MAX1493/ MAX1495 time out after 6s and begin enhanced offset calibration. Enhanced offset calibration typically lasts 2s. The MAX1493/MAX1495 begin converting after enhanced offset calibration.
Offset Calibration
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 offer on-chip offset calibration. The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 calibrate offset during every conversion cycle. The MAX1495 offers enhanced offset calibration on demand. Connect HOLD to DVDD for 2s to perform enhanced offset calibration.
Table 2. Decimal-Point Control Table (MAX1493/MAX1495)
DPON 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 DPSET1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 DPSET2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 DISPLAY OUTPUT 18888 18888 18888 18888 1 8 8 8.8 1 8 8.8 8 1 8.8 8 8 1.8 8 8 8 ZERO INPUT READING 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.0000
Table 3. Decimal-Point Control Table (MAX1491)
DPSET1 0 0 1 1 DPSET2 0 1 0 1 DISPLAY OUTPUT 1 8 8.8 1 8.8 8 1.8 8 8 1888 ZERO INPUT READING 0.0 0.00 0.000 000
______________________________________________________________________________________
17
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Peak
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 feature peak detection circuitry. When activated (PEAK connected to DVDD), the devices display only the highest voltage measured to the LCD. First, the current ADC result is displayed. Then the new ADC conversion result is compared to this value. If the new value is larger than the previous peak value, the new value is displayed. If the new value is less than the previous peak value, the display remains unchanged. Connect PEAK to GND to clear the peak value and disable the peak function. The peak function is only valid for the -19,487 to +19,999 range for the MAX1493/ MAX1495 and -1217 to +1999 for the MAX1491.
ANALOG SUPPLY FERRITE BEAD 0.1F 4.7F AVDD REF+ 0.1F RREF REF0.1F ACTIVE GAUGE R AIN+ 0.1F DUMMY GAUGE R GND INTREF 0.1F AINDVDD
0.1F
4.7F
MAX1491 MAX1493 MAX1495
VNEG 0.1F
Hold
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 feature data HOLD circuitry. When activated (HOLD connected to DVDD), the devices hold the current reading on the LCD.
Low Battery
The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 feature a low-battery detection input. When the voltage at LOWBATT drops below 2.048V (typ), the LOWBATT segment of the LCD turns on.
Strain Gauge Measurement
Connect the differential inputs of the MAX1491/ MAX1493/MAX1495 to the bridge network of the strain gauge. In Figure 13, the analog supply voltage powers the bridge network and the MAX1491/MAX1493/ MAX1495 along with its reference voltage. The MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 handle an analog input voltage range of 200mV or 2V full scale. The analog/reference inputs of the part allow the analog input range to have an absolute value anywhere between -2.2V and +2.2V.
Figure 13. Strain-Gauge Application with the MAX1491/MAX1493/ MAX1495
R = 100 for 2V RANGE 10 for 200mV RANGE
4-20mA Measurement
To measure 4-20mA signals, connect a shunt resistor across AIN+ and AIN- to create the 2V or 200mV input voltage (see Figure 14).
0.1F 4-20mA R
AIN+
MAX1491 MAX1493 AIN- MAX1495
Table 4. LCD Priority Table
HOLD DVDD GND GND PEAK X DVDD GND DISPLAYS Current value Peak value Latest ADC result
0.1F
1.8.8.8.8
Figure 14. 4-20mA Measurement
18
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Transfer Functions
Figures 15-18 show the MAX1491/MAX1493s' transfer functions. The transfer function for the MAX1493/ MAX1495 with AIN+ - AIN- 0 and RANGE = GND is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 20,000 VREF + - VREF- The transfer function for the MAX1493 with AIN+ - AIN< 0 and RANGE = GND is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 20,000 + 1 VREF + - VREF The transfer function for the MAX1491 with AIN+ - AIN 0 and RANGE = GND is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 2000 VREF + - VREF- The transfer function for the MAX1491 with AIN+ - AIN< 0 and RANGE = GND is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 2000 + 1 VREF + - VREF The transfer function for the MAX1493/MAX1495 with AIN+ - AIN- 0 and RANGE = DVDD is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 20,000 x 10 VREF + - VREF- The transfer function for the MAX1493 with AIN+ - AIN< 0 and RANGE = DVDD is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 20,000 x 10 + 1 VREF + - VREF The transfer function for the MAX1491 with AIN+ - AIN 0 and RANGE = DVDD is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 2000 x 10 VREF + - VREF- The transfer function for the MAX1491 with AIN+ - AIN< 0 and RANGE = DVDD is: V -V Counts = 1.024 x AIN+ AIN- x 2000 x 10 + 1 VREF + - VREF
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
LCD 1---19,999
LCD 1---19,999
2 1 0 -0 -1 -2
2 1 0 -0 -1 -2
-19,999 -1----2V -100V 0 100V ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE +2V
-19,999 -1----200mV -10V 0 10V ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE +200mV
Figure 15. MAX1493/MAX1495 Transfer Function 2V Range
Figure 16. MAX1493/MAX1495 Transfer Function 200mV Range
______________________________________________________________________________________
19
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
LCD 1--1999 LCD 1--1999
2 1 0 -0 -1 -2
2 1 0 -0 -1 -2
-1999 -1---200mV -100V 0 100V ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE +200mV
-1999 -1---2V -1mV 0 1mV ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE +2V
Figure 17. MAX1491 Transfer Function 200mV Range
Figure 18. MAX1491 Transfer Function 2V Range
Supplies, Layout, and Bypassing
Power up AVDD and DVDD before applying an analog input and external reference voltage to the device. If this is not possible, limit the current into these inputs to 50mA. Isolate the digital supply from the analog supply with a low-value resistor (10) or ferrite bead when the analog and digital supplies come from the same source. For best performance, ground the MAX1491/ MAX1493/MAX1495 to the analog ground plane of the circuit board. Avoid running digital lines under the device, because these may couple noise onto the die. Run the analog ground plane under the MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 to minimize coupling of digital noise. Make the powersupply lines to the MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 as wide as possible to provide low-impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power-supply line. Shield fast-switching signals, such as clocks, with digital ground to avoid radiating noise to other sections of the board. Avoid running clock signals near the analog inputs. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Running traces that are on opposite sides of the board at right angles to each other reduces feedthrough effects. Good decoupling is important when using high-resolution ADCs. Decouple the supplies with 4.7F and 0.1F ceramic capacitors to GND. Place these components as close to the device as possible to achieve the best decoupling. Refer to the MAX1494 evaluation kit manual for the recommended layout. The evaluation board package includes a fully assembled and tested evaluation board.
20 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Definitions
INL
Integral nonlinearity (INL) is the deviation of the values on an actual transfer function from a straight line. This straight line is either a best-straight-line fit or a line drawn between the end points of the transfer function, once offset and gain errors have been nullified. INL for the MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495 is measured using the end-point method.
DNL
Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between an actual step width and the ideal value of one count. A DNL error specification of less than one count guarantees no missing counts and a monotonic transfer function.
Rollover Error
Rollover error is defined as the absolute value difference between a near-positive full-scale reading and near-negative full-scale reading. Rollover error is tested by applying a full-scale positive voltage, swapping AIN+ and AIN-, and then adding the results.
Zero Input Reading
Ideally, with AIN+ connected to AIN-, the MAX1491/ MAX1493/MAX1495 display a zero. Zero input reading is the measured deviation from the ideal zero and the actual measured point.
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Gain Error
Gain error is the amount of deviation between the measured full-scale transition point and the ideal full-scale transition point. MAX1493/MAX1495 sigma-delta converter uses its internal digital filter to provide normal mode rejection to both 50Hz and 60Hz power-line frequencies simultaneously.
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
Power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is the ratio of the input supply change (in volts) to the change in the converter output (in volts). It is measured typically in decibels.
Common-Mode Rejection
Common-mode rejection is the ability of a device to reject a signal that is common to both input terminals. The common-mode signal can be either an AC or a DC signal or a combination of the two. CMR is often expressed in decibels.
Enhanced Offset Calibration
Enhanced offset calibration is a more accurate calibration method that is needed in the case of the 200mV range and 4.5-digit resolution. The MAX1493/MAX1495 perform the enhanced offset calibration upon power-up. The MAX1495 also performs enhanced offset calibration on demand with the HOLD input.
Normal-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection (Simultaneously)
Normal mode rejection is a measure of how much output changes when 50Hz and 60Hz signals are injected into just one of the differential inputs. The MAX1491/
Typical Operating Circuit
HOLD PEAK LOW BATTERY
VIN 0.1F 0.1F
AIN+ AIN-
SEG1-SEG13 (SEG1-SEG10)
BACKPLANE CONNECTIONS INTREF PEAK
DVDD
DVDD 4.7F 0.1F AVDD 4.7F LISO 2.7V TO 5.25V 10F RLOW RHI LOWBATT VNEG 0.1F
MAX1493 MAX1495 (MAX1491)
HOLD DPON DPSET1 DPSET2
GND
REF-
REF+ 4.7F
RANGE
______________________________________________________________________________________
21
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Pin Configurations (continued)
TOP VIEW
INTREF 1 DVDD 2 GND 3 AVDD 4 AIN+ 5 AIN- 6 REF- 7 REF+ 8 LOWBATT 9 RANGE 10 DPSET1 11 DPSET2 12 PEAK 13 HOLD 14 28 VNEG 27 BP1 26 BP2 25 BP3 24 SEG10
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 79,435 PROCESS: BiCMOS
MAX1491
23 SEG9 22 SEG8 21 SEG7 20 SEG6 19 SEG5 18 SEG4 17 SEG3 16 SEG2 15 SEG1
SSOP OR DIP
22
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3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
32L/48L,TQFP.EPS
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
______________________________________________________________________________________
23
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
SSOP.EPS
2
1
INCHES DIM A A1 B C E H D E e H L MIN 0.068 0.002 0.010 MAX 0.078 0.008 0.015
MILLIMETERS MIN 1.73 0.05 0.25 MAX 1.99 0.21 0.38 D D D D D INCHES MIN 0.239 0.239 0.278 0.317 0.397 MAX 0.249 0.249 0.289 0.328 0.407 MILLIMETERS MIN 6.07 6.07 7.07 8.07 10.07 MAX 6.33 6.33 7.33 8.33 10.33 N 14L 16L 20L 24L 28L
0.20 0.09 0.004 0.008 SEE VARIATIONS 0.205 0.301 0.025 0 0.212 0.311 0.037 8 5.20 7.65 0.63 0 5.38 7.90 0.95 8 0.0256 BSC 0.65 BSC
N
A C B e D A1 L
NOTES: 1. D&E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 2. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED .15 MM (.006"). 3. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS. 4. MEETS JEDEC MO150. 5. LEADS TO BE COPLANAR WITHIN 0.10 MM.
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, SSOP, 5.3 MM
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0056
1 1
C
24
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3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs with LCD Drivers
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX1491/MAX1493/MAX1495
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 25 (c) 2003 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
PDIPN.EPS


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